Oral and research

PhD Viva Simulator

Practise defending contribution, methodology, limitations and alternative interpretations.

Free sample3 sample questionsSpoken defence

What this assessment covers

CriterionPurpose
Contribution clarityExplains the original contribution clearly.
Methodology defenceJustifies the chosen methodology.
Limitations awarenessRecognises limitations and implications.
Oral defence qualityGives a direct, structured and defensible answer.
Assessment content

Questions and model answers

Original questions written for Assessments Aced, each with an answer plan and model answer.

01
What is the original contribution?Spoken defence · 5 min
Open question and model answer
What happened

The examiner asks you to distinguish your work from the closest existing literature.

Your job

Give a direct 60–90 second answer.

Answer plan
  1. State contribution
  2. Contrast literature
  3. Explain significance
Model answer

The original contribution is a framework showing how resource constraints change the sequence in which small firms adopt AI-enabled workflow tools. Existing studies mainly describe adoption factors, whereas my research explains how those factors interact over time during implementation. This matters because it gives researchers a process model and gives practitioners a way to identify the next constraint that must be resolved.

02
Why was this methodology appropriate?Spoken defence · 5 min
Open question and model answer
What happened

The examiner challenges whether a larger quantitative study would have been more reliable.

Your job

Defend the chosen methodology and acknowledge the trade-off.

Answer plan
  1. Link method to question
  2. Compare alternative
  3. Acknowledge trade-off
  4. Limit claim
Condensed model answer

A larger survey would have measured prevalence, but my question concerned how managers interpreted risk and made adoption decisions. Semi-structured interviews were therefore appropriate because they captured sequence, reasoning and context that fixed-response data would miss. The trade-off is limited statistical generalisability, which I address by making analytical rather than population claims and by proposing later quantitative testing of the framework.

03
What is the most important limitation?Spoken defence · 5 min
Open question and model answer
What happened

The examiner asks which limitation most threatens the thesis conclusions.

Your job

Identify one material limitation and explain its effect.

Answer plan
  1. Name limitation
  2. Explain effect
  3. Limit claim
  4. Propose follow-up
Model answer

The most important limitation is that participants were recruited through professional networks, which may over-represent firms already interested in digital change. This means the study may understate resistance among less engaged firms. I therefore avoid claiming that the sample reflects all small businesses and treat the findings as a theory-building account that requires testing in a broader, independently sampled population.